Fate, weathering, behaviour and toxicity of priority Hazardous and Noxious Substances

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On this database it is collected information on fate, weathering, behaviour and toxicity of priority Hazardous and Noxious Substances (HNS) from different sources. This systematized information is a useful tool to predict the behaviour of priority HNS in accidental spills, backing spill preparedness and effective decision-making process. This database also provides an important support to environmental and human health risk assessment, and monitoring actions.

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Name: Trichloroethene

CAS Number: 79-01-6

UN Number: 1710

Formulae: C2HCl3

Name: Trichloroethene

CAS Number: 79-01-6

UN Number: 1710

Formulae: C2HCl3

Physicochemical properties/Characteristics

SD

Physical behaviour (GESAMP, 2016)

1, 2

131.38

Molecular Weight
(g/mol)

2

1.46

Density
(kg/L)

2

9.2

Vapour pressure
(KPa; 25ºC)

2

1280

Water solubility
(mg/L; 25ºC)

2

0.55

Dynamic viscosity
(mPa.s; 25ºC)

2, 3

-84.7

Melting point (ºC)

2

87.2

Boiling point (ºC)

2

30.0

Volatilization half-life (days)

4
  1. G: gas; D: dissolver; E: evaporator; F: floater; S: sinker; GD: gas/dissolver; DE: dissolver/evaporator; FD: floater/dissolver; FE: floater/evaporator; FED: floater/evaporator/dissolver; Fp: persistent floater; SD: sinker/dissolver
  2. Values collected from the literature and public databases e.g. PubChem
  3. “-“ corresponds to values not found
  4. Values estimated with models of the EPI suiteTM

Fugacity/Persistence

12.90

Air

4, 5

86.70

Water

4, 5

0.01

Soil

4, 5

0.42

Sediment

4, 5

11.4

Persistence (days)

4
  1. Values estimated with models of the EPI suiteTM
  2. In the present study, only emissions in water were considered

Physicochemical degradation/Biodegradation

154.5

Atmosferic Oxidation (hours)

4

NR

Biodegradation rate (GESAMP, 2016)

6, 7

0.04

Aerobic biodegradation probability

4

3.36 days-weeks

Primary aerobic biodegradation half-life

4, 8

2.39 weeks-month

Ultimate aerobic biodegradation half-life

4, 8

-

Hydrocarbon Biodegradation half-life (days)

3, 4

0.72

Anaerobic Biodegradation probability

4
  1. “-“ corresponds to values not found
  2. Values estimated with models of the EPI suiteTM
  3. Results obtained from the literature
  4. GESAMP criteria consider substances to be “readily biodegradable” (R) if, in 28-day biodegradation studies, the following levels of degradation are achieved: in tests based upon dissolved organic carbon (DOC) die-away: ≥ 70%; or in tests based upon oxygen depletion or carbon dioxide generation: ≥ 60% of the theoretical maxima; or where only chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) data are available, the ratio of BOD5/COD ≥ 0.5; or where other convincing scientific evidence is available to demonstrate that the substance can be degraded (biotically and/or abiotically) in the aquatic environment to a level of > 70% within a 28-day period. Otherwise they are “not readily biodegradable” (NR) (GESAMP, 2014).
  5. See Table 1 in the supplementary material for more information on the rating reported by Boethling et al. (1994)

Bioaccumulation/Biotransformation

1.12

Biotransformation half-life (days)

2

2.42

Partition coefficient (log Kow)

2

23.7

Bioconcentration factor (BFC)

4

2

Bioaccumulation rate (GESAMP, 2016)

9

1.94

Adsorption coefficient (log koc)

2
  1. Values collected from the literature and public databases e.g. PubChem
  2. Values estimated with models of the EPI suiteTM
  3. See Table 2 in the supplementary material for more information on Bioaccumulation rate classification (GESAMP, 2014)

Aquatic Toxicity

3

Acute toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

10

-

Chronic toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

3, 10
  1. “-“ corresponds to values not found
  2. See Table 3 in the supplementary material for more information on Aquatic Toxicity classification (GESAMP, 2014)

Acute Mammals/Human health effects

0

Oral Toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

0

Dermal toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

0

Inhalation toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

2

Skin irritation & corrosion (GESAMP, 2016)

11

2

Eye irritation & corrosion (GESAMP, 2016)

11

0

Toxicity

12

0

Severity

12
  1. See Table 4 in the supplementary material for more information on Human health (Toxic effects to mammals) classification (GESAMP, 2014)
  2. For more information on Toxicity and Severity scores consult Harold et al. (2014)

Chronic Human/Mammals health effects

3

Carcinogenicity (IARC)

3, 13

Yes

Mutagenicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Reprotoxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Sensitizing to skin (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Aspiration hazard (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Target Organ Toxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Sensitizing to respiratory system (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Neurotoxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11

No

Immunotoxicity (GESAMP, 2016)

11
  1. “-“ corresponds to values not found
  2. See Table 4 in the supplementary material for more information on Human health (Toxic effects to mammals) classification (GESAMP, 2014)
  3. See Table 5 in the supplementary material for more information on IARC classification

Toxicity tests results
PNECseawater: 11.5 µg/L
PNECwater, intermittent: 140 µg/L

Algae

EC50

Parameter

1

36.5

Concentration
(mg/L)

Green algae - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Species

Growth

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 72h-exposure

Observations

1

EC50

Parameter

2

175

Concentration
(mg/L)

Algae - Selenastrum capricornutum

Species

Growth rate

Endpoint

Freshwater; 96h-exposure

Observations

2

EC50

Parameter

2

450

Concentration
(mg/L)

Algae - Scenedesmus subscapicatus

Species

Growth rate

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 22 °C; 96h-exposure

Observations

3

EC50

Parameter

2

150

Concentration
(mg/L)

Algae - Skeletonema costatum

Species

Growth rate

Endpoint

Saltwater; 96h-exposure

Observations

4

EC50

Parameter

2

95

Concentration
(mg/L)

Algae - Skeletonema costatum

Species

Population changes

Endpoint

Saltwater; Static; 96h-exposure

Observations

5

EC10

Parameter

1

12.3

Concentration
(mg/L)

Green algae - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Species

Growth

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 72h-exposure

Observations

6
  1. Brack W, Rottler H; Toxicity testing of highly volatile chemicals with green algae — a new assay. Environmental Sci Pollut Res Intern 1: 223-228 (1994)
  2. European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) as cited in the TOXNET. Available at: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+133 (accessed February 2, 2017)

Invertebrates

EC50

Parameter

1

20.8

Concentration
(mg/L)

Water flea - Dapnhia magna

Species

Reproduction rate

Endpoint

Freshwater; 16d-exposure

Observations

7

EC50

Parameter

2

7.8

Concentration
(mg/L)

Water flea - Dapnhia magna

Species

Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 21-25 °C; 48h-exposure; 4-6d age

Observations

8

LC50

Parameter

2

18

Concentration
(mg/L)

Water flea - Dapnhia magna

Species

Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 48h-exposure; < 24h age

Observations

9

LC50

Parameter

3

22

Concentration
(mg/L)

Water flea - Dapnhia magna

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 22 °C; 24h-exposure; ≤ 24h age

Observations

10

LC50

Parameter

3

18

Concentration
(mg/L)

Water flea - Dapnhia magna

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 22 °C; 48h-exposure; ≤ 24h age

Observations

11

LC50

Parameter

4

14

Concentration
(mg/L)

Opossum shrimp - Mysidopsis bahia

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Saltwater; Static; 96h-exposure

Observations

12 Lowest
  1. European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) as cited in the TOXNET. Available at: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+133 (accessed February 2, 2017)
  2. Canadian Environmental Protection Act; Priority Substances List Assessment Report for Trichloroethylene p. 20 (1993). Available at: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/psl1-lsp1/index-eng.php (accessed February 1, 2017)
  3. LeBlanc GA; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 24 (5): 684-691 (1980) as cited in the TOXNET database. Available at: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+133 (accessed February 2, 2017)
  4. Ward GS et al; Acute toxicity of trichloroethylene to saltwater organisms. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 37: 830-836 (1986)

Fish

EC50

Parameter

1

23

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Intoxication; Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 24h-exposure

Observations

13

EC50

Parameter

1

22.7

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Intoxication; Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 48h-exposure

Observations

14

EC50

Parameter

1

22.2

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Intoxication; Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 72h-exposure

Observations

15

EC50

Parameter

1

21.9

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Intoxication; Immobilization

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 96h-exposure

Observations

16

LC50

Parameter

1

52.4

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 24h-exposure

Observations

17

LC50

Parameter

1

53.3

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 48h-exposure

Observations

18

LC50

Parameter

1

40.7

Concentration
(mg/L)

Fathead minnow - Pimephales promelas

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 12 °C; 96h-exposure

Observations

19

LC50

Parameter

2

60

Concentration
(mg/L)

Zebrafish - Danio rerio

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 48h-exposure

Observations

20

LC50

Parameter

3

23.23

Concentration
(mg/L)

Florida flagfish - Jordanella floridae

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Flow through; 25 °C; 96h-exposure

Observations

21

LC50

Parameter

4

42

Concentration
(mg/L)

Rainbow trout - Oncorhynchus mykiss

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; 15 °C; 48h-exposure; 5-8 weeks age

Observations

22

LC50

Parameter

3

79

Concentration
(mg/L)

Japanese medaka - Oryzias latipes

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 20 °C; 48h-exposure

Observations

23

LC50

Parameter

3

213

Concentration
(mg/L)

Golden ide - Leuciscus idus melanotus

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 20 °C; 48h-exposure

Observations

24

LC50

Parameter

5

45

Concentration
(mg/L)

Bluegill - Lepomis macrochirus

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 21-23 °C; 96h-exposure; Young of year

Observations

25

LC50

Parameter

3

55

Concentration
(mg/L)

Guppy - Poecilia reticulata

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; 14d-exposure

Observations

26

LC50

Parameter

6

52

Concentration
(mg/L)

Sheepshead minnow - Cyprinodon variegatus

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Saltwater; Static; 22 °C; 96h-exposure

Observations

27

LC50

Parameter

3

16

Concentration
(mg/L)

Dab - Limanda limanda

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Saltwater; Flow through; 96h-exposure

Observations

28

NOEC

Parameter

7

5.76

Concentration
(mg/L)

Florida flagfish - Jordanella floridae

Species

Larval survival

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 25 °C; 10d-exposure; Fry

Observations

29 Lowest
  1. Alexander HC et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 20 (3): 344-352 (1978) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed November 18, 2015)
  2. Slooff W; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 23 (4/5): 517-523 (1979) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed November 18, 2015)
  3. European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) as cited in the TOXNET. Available at: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+133 (accessed February 2, 2017)
  4. Slooff W et al; Aquat Toxicol 4 (2): 113-128 (1983) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed February 14, 2017)
  5. Buccafusco RJ et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 26 (4): 446-452 (1981) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed February 14, 2017)
  6. Ward GS et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 37 (6): 830-836 (1986) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed February 14, 2017)
  7. Smith AD et al; The acute and chronic toxicity of ten chlorinated organic compounds to the american flagfish (Jordanella floridae). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 20: 94-102 (1991)

Amphibians

EC50

Parameter

1

36

Concentration
(mg/L)

African clawed frog - Xenopus laevis

Species

Increased developmental malformations

Endpoint

Freshwater; Renewal; 23 °C; 96h-exposure; Embryo(s)

Observations

30

LC50

Parameter

1

43.4

Concentration
(mg/L)

African clawed frog - Xenopus laevis

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Renewal; 23 °C; 96h-exposure; Embryo(s)

Observations

31

LC50

Parameter

2

45

Concentration
(mg/L)

African clawed frog - Xenopus laevis

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 20 °C; 48h-exposure; 3-4 weeks age

Observations

32

LC50

Parameter

2

48

Concentration
(mg/L)

Mexican axolotl - Ambystoma mexicanum

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Freshwater; Static; 20 °C; 48h-exposure; 3-4 weeks age

Observations

33
  1. Fort DJ et al; Teratog Carcinog Mutagen 13 (1): 35-45 (1993) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed November 18, 2015)
  2. Slooff W, Baerselman R; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 24 (3): 439-443 (1980) as cited in the ECOTOX database. Available at: https://cfpub.epa.gov/ecotox/quick_query.htm (accessed February 14, 2017)

Mammals

LC50

Parameter

1

49000

Concentration
(ppm)

Mouse

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; 30min-inhalation

Observations

34

LC50

Parameter

2

8450

Concentration
(ppm)

Mouse

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; 4h-inhalation

Observations

35

LC50

Parameter

3

26000

Concentration
(ppm)

Rat

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; 1h-inhalation

Observations

36

LC50

Parameter

4

12000

Concentration
(ppm)

Rat

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; 4h-inhalation

Observations

37

LD50

Parameter

2

33.9

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Mouse

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; intravenous

Observations

38

LD50

Parameter

5

2402

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Mouse (male)

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; oral

Observations

39

LD50

Parameter

5

2443

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Mouse (female)

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; oral

Observations

40

LD50

Parameter

6

3222

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Mouse

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; intraperitoneal

Observations

41

LD50

Parameter

1

5500

Concentration
(ppm)

Mouse

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; 10h-inhalation

Observations

42

LD50

Parameter

2

1282

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Rat

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; intraperitoneal

Observations

43

LD50

Parameter

7

7161

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Rat

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; oral

Observations

44

LD50

Parameter

8

20

Concentration
(ml/kg)

Rat

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; dermal

Observations

45

LD50

Parameter

9

29000

Concentration
(mg/kg)

Rabbit

Species

Mortality

Endpoint

Acute; percutaneous

Observations

46
  1. Verschueren K; Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY (1983)
  2. Lewis RJ Sr; Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 11th ed. Wiley-Interscience, Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. (2004)
  3. Vernot EH et al; Acute toxicity and skin corrosion data for some organic and inorganic compounds and aqueous solutions. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 42 (2): 417-423 (1977)
  4. Siegel J et al; Effects on experimental animals of acute, repeated and continuous inhalation exposures to dichloroacetylene mixtures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 18 (1): 168-174 (1971)
  5. Tucker AN et al; Toxicology of trichloroethylene in the mouse. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 62 (3): 351-357 (1982)
  6. Hayes WJ Jr, Laws ER Jr; Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 2. Classes of Pesticides. Academic Press, Inc., New York, NY (1991)
  7. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Documentation of the TLV's and BEI's with Other World Wide Occupational Exposure Values. CD-ROM Cincinnati, OH 45240-4148 2010.
  8. European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset, Trichloroethylene (79-01-6) (2000 CD-ROM edition) as cited in the TOXNET. Available at: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+133 (accessed February 2, 2017)
  9. Smyth HF et al; Range-finding toxicity data: List VI. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 23 (2): 95-107 (1962)
References

Boethling RS, Howard PH, Meylan W, Stiteler W, Beauman J, Tirado N. 1994. Group contribution method for predicting probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 28: 459-465.

Bonn Agreement, 1994. European Classification System, Bonn Agreement: Counter-Pollution Manual. Bonn Agreement, London (Chapter 25).

GESAMP (IMO/FAO/UNESCO-IOC/WMO/WHO/IAEA/UN/UNEP Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection), 2014. Revised GESAMP Hazard Evaluation Procedure for Chemical Substances Carried by Ships, 2nd edition. Rep. Stud. GESAMP No. 64, 126 pp.

GESAMP Composite List, 2016. ANNEX 5 – UPDATED GESAMP COMPOSITE LIST. Available at: https://edocs.imo.org/Final Documents/English/PPR 1-CIRC.3 (E).docx (Accessed: December 12, 2016).

Harold PD, Souza AS, Louchart P, Russell D, Brunt H, 2014. Development of a risk based prioritisation methodology to inform public health emergency planning and preparedness in case of accidental spill at sea of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS). Environ. Int. 72: 157-163.