PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CONTAMINATION (PART II)

Table of Contents

1. Index
2. UNIT 5 - Transport and fate of contaminants in the environment
3. UNIT 6 - Principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics
   1. Introduction
   2. Toxicokinetics
   3. Factors that affect toxicity: Species Differences
   4. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models
4. UNIT 7 - Biotransformation
5. UNIT 8 - Toxicity Testing
6. Glossary of key terms associated with environmental toxicology

UNIT 6 - Principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics

This chapter explores the principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and the four components of toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism or biotransformation and excretion). A description of the main factors (e.g.: anatomy and physiology, genetic variability, sex and hormonal status, etc.) that influence the four components of toxicokinetics and consequently, the toxicity, is also presented. Taking into account these components, some examples showing the differences between species and within the same species are also given. Finally, an introduction to the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models is shown.

This chapter is divided into four sections:

1. Introduction

2. Toxicokinetics

3. Factors that affect toxicity: Species Differences

        3.1 Anatomy and physiology

        3.2 Genetics

        3.3 Gender and hormonal status

        3.4 Nutrition and dietary factors

        3.5 Life-cycle phase

4. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic models