PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CONTAMINATION (PART II)

Table of Contents

1. Index
2. UNIT 5 - Transport and fate of contaminants in the environment
3. UNIT 6 - Principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics
4. UNIT 7 - Biotransformation
   1. Metabolism
   2. Factors that contribute to xenobiotic metabolism
5. UNIT 8 - Toxicity Testing
6. Glossary of key terms associated with environmental toxicology

UNIT 7 - Biotransformation

The sections below describe some fundamental principles of biotransformation of xenobiotics into the body.

This chapter is divided into two major sections:

1. METABOLISM

        1.1 Introduction

        1.2 Phase I and Phase II reactions

        1.2.1 Phase I

        Oxidation

        Reduction

        Hydrolysis

        1.2.2 Phase II

        Glucoronidation

        Glucoside conjugation

        Sulfonation

        Glutathione conjugation

        Acylation and Methylation

        1.3 ABC transporters

2. FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM

        2.1 Induction of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes

        2.2 Inhibition of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes